Enantiomer
One of two mirror-image forms of a chiral molecule. L-amino acids and D-amino acids are enantiomers. D-amino acid substitutions in peptides increase protease resistance and oral bioavailability.
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Related Terms
The property of a molecule that is non-superimposable on its mirror image. Natural amino acids are L-form (left-handed); D-form amino acids can be incorporated into peptides to resist enzymatic degradation.
RacemizationThe conversion of an L-amino acid to its D-enantiomer during synthesis or storage. Racemization reduces peptide activity and is a sign of degradation. Proper storage and synthesis conditions minimize this.
Amino acidAn organic molecule containing both an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH). The 20 standard amino acids are the building blocks of peptides and proteins, linked together by peptide bonds.
StabilityA peptide’s resistance to chemical degradation over time. Affected by temperature, pH, light, and oxidation. Lyophilized peptides are most stable; reconstituted peptides should be refrigerated and used within 28 days.