TB-500 Research

Li Y, Liu T, Zhang K, Wang J, Zhang J, Zhang J et al.

Photoaffinity Labeling-Affinity-Based Protein Profiling (PAL-AfBPP) provides breakthrough solutions in a variety of fields such as target protein discovery. The selection of photoaffinity connectors is the key component of PAL-AfBPP probe design and application. At present, the development of org...

Di H, Huang J, Zhang D, Ni F, Zheng R, Geng H et al.

Over the past decades, the escalating global burden of kidney disease has underscored an urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies. Thymosin β4 (Tβ4), a highly conserved 43-amino-acid peptide encoded by the X-linked TMSB4x gene, is the predominant β-thymosin in mammalian...

Liang Y, Yu Z, Du S, Guo Y, Li J, Yan Y et al.

Intrauterine adhesions (IUA), a leading cause of female infertility, result from a pathological switch in the uterine injury response from regeneration to fibrotic scarring. Current treatments are often inadequate as they fail to address this fundamental shift. Here, we report a "decidualization-...

Rahman OF, Lee SJ, Seeds WA

Therapeutic peptides are emerging as promising adjuncts in the management of orthopaedic injuries, grounded in their ability to modulate molecular signaling networks central to cellular medicine. By acting on key pathways such as PI3K/Akt, mTOR, MAPK, TGF-β, and AMPK, peptides exert influen...

Keplinger AJ, Srinivasan PA, Christensen SM, Suarez C, Ruthenburg AJ

While predominantly studied in cytoplasmic contexts, actin plays critical roles in the nucleus, regulating genome accessibility, transcription, and DNA repair. Cell-based studies have contributed to a widely accepted model in which the import factor importin 9 (IPO9) acts in concert with the acti...

Mayfield CK, Bolia IK, Feingold CL, Lin EH, Liu JN, Rick Hatch GF et al.

Therapeutic peptides are short-chain amino acids that regulate cellular functions and facilitate biochemical processes. In recent years, there has been significant growth in the global market for therapeutic peptides and thus its popularity among patients. Given the increase in the development of...

He S, Yuan M, Feng C, Zhang Y, Che J

Skin wound treatment is hindered by the poor penetration of large therapeutics and a lack of treatments that effectively regulate immune environments. While microneedles (MNs) can bypass the skin, they destabilize sensitive peptides, including thymosin β4 (Tβ4), whose immunomodulatory...

Ou H, Chen R, Zhou L, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Yang Z et al.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder defined by neuroinflammation, neurite atrophy, and cognitive decline. This study explored the therapeutic potential of Thymosin β4 (Tβ4)-derived peptides (TB500 and Ac-SDKP) in mitigating AD-related neuropathology. U...

Stewart WG, Hejl CD, Guleria RS, Gupta S

Acute ischemic injury causes impairment of blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability and is considered as secondary insult in the brain after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The mechanisms underlying these events are incomprehensible and therefore therapeutic opportunities are limited. Although drugs ...

Sun YS, Bai XQ, Sun KD, Li J, Liu L, Chen YY et al.

Mast cells (MCs) under stress conditions contribute to the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), yet their precise mechanisms in IBS remain unclear.To investigate the role of MC-derived thymosin β4 (Tβ4) in stress-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction.The colonic mucus T&#x3...

Nguyen J, Verma S, Vuong VT, Queener H, Coulson-Thomas VJ, Gesteira TF et al.

Thymosin beta-4 (TB4) is a small peptide upregulated in injured tissues, playing roles in cell migration, angiogenesis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Studies show TB4 significantly promotes corneal wound healing after injury, leading to a clinical trial (RGN-259), with full US Food and Drug...

Zhang Y, Dong Q, Bian X, Qiao Z, Cui C, Yang N et al.

Despite advancements in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), cardiac dysfunction remains a challenge in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Although thymosin beta 4 has shown cardioprotective effects in preclinical MI models, its impact on chronic cardia...

Guo L, Wang H, Li N, Wang J, Yu M, Li Y et al.

Ovarian cancer is a gynecologic malignancy with high mortality and poor prognosis. Chemoresistance is a key cause of ovarian cancer recurrence and metastasis. It has been found that some bioactive peptides can inhibit the growth and metastasis of cancer cells and promote cell apoptosis, thus exer...

Jin Z, Li H, Li J, Chang Y, Piao Z, Jin Q et al.

Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) plays a critical role in breast cancer progression, yet its molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we identified that Tβ4 is significantly upregulated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines, and its high expression correlates with poor clinical ou...

Manly LS, Roberts AM, Beckman JS, Roberts BR

Bottom-up proteomics introduces proteoform ambiguity due to the loss of connectivity between peptides and their original proteoforms. Top-down proteomics (TDP) removes the ambiguity through the direct identification and characterization of intact proteoforms and their respective post-translationa...

Zeng PM, Sun XY, Li Y, Wu WD, Huang J, Cao DD et al.

The developmental origin of Alzheimer disease (AD) has been proposed but is arguably debated. Here, we developed cerebral organoids from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP) associated with familial AD (fAD) and analyzed the dynamic changes of c...

Ismael E, Kamel S, Elleithy EMM, Bekeer MR, Fahmy KNE

Sodium butyrate and tributyrin are known to enhance broiler chicken performance. In this study, 1,000 Arbor Acres broiler chicks were assigned to four dietary treatments (250 birds each; six replicates of 40-42 birds): a control basal diet (CON), or the same diet supplemented with either 500 g/to...

Wu J, Yang P, Zhang J, Chen Z, Wei Y, Su Y et al.

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis primarily affecting children and is a leading cause of acquired heart disease in developed countries. Recently, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated the close correlations between inflammation and KD. Thymosin β4 (Tβ4)...

Yu H, Wang B, Li Z, Liu K, Chen W, Zhao S et al.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101585.].© 2025 The Author(s).

Xi Y, Zhang Z, Zhao Z, Qiu B, Wang W, Xu G et al.

Accelerating angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and in situ stem cell recruitment at the site of bone defects is critical for bone regenerative repair. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) exosomes are cell-free therapeutic agents with bone-enhancing effects. Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is a short...