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The Peptide Effect
preclinicalSleep & Stress

DSIP

Also known as: Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide, Delta Sleep Peptide, DSIP nonapeptide, Factor Delta

DSIP (Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide) is a naturally occurring 9-amino acid neuropeptide originally isolated from the cerebral venous blood of rabbits during electrically induced sleep in 1977. It promotes deep slow-wave (delta) sleep by modulating GABAergic and serotonergic neurotransmission. Beyond sleep, DSIP has demonstrated stress-buffering properties through regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, including modulation of ACTH and cortisol release.

Key Facts

Mechanism
DSIP (Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu) modulates sleep architecture through multiple neurotransmitter systems. It enhances GABAergic inhibitory signaling and modulates serotonin (5-HT) receptor activity, both of which are critical for initiating and maintaining slow-wave (delta) sleep — the deepest and most restorative sleep stage. DSIP also acts on the HPA axis by modulating corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), ACTH, and cortisol secretion patterns, which explains its stress-buffering effects. Additionally, DSIP has been shown to influence LH (luteinizing hormone) and GH (growth hormone) release patterns, and possesses analgesic properties potentially mediated through opioid receptor interactions. Despite its short plasma half-life (~15 minutes), its neurological effects persist for hours, suggesting it triggers downstream signaling cascades rather than acting through sustained receptor occupancy.
Research Status
preclinical
Half-Life
~15 minutes (plasma), but sleep-promoting effects persist 6–8 hours
Molecular Formula
C₃₅H₄₈N₁₀O₁₅
Primary Use
Sleep & Stress

Benefits

  • Promotes deep slow-wave (delta) sleep — the most restorative sleep stagemoderate
  • Normalizes disturbed sleep patterns without causing next-day sedation at appropriate dosesmoderate
  • Stress response modulation — regulates cortisol and ACTH via HPA axispreliminary
  • Pain modulation — analgesic properties potentially mediated through opioid pathwayspreliminary
  • Potential support for alcohol and opiate withdrawal symptom managementpreliminary
  • May normalize blood pressure in hypertensive individuals via stress axis regulationpreliminary

Dosage Protocols

RouteDosage RangeFrequencyNotes
Subcutaneous injection100–300 mcgOnce daily, 30–60 minutes before bedtimeStart at 100 mcg to assess tolerance; most common protocol is 200 mcg
Intranasal spray100–200 mcgOnce daily before bedtimeIntranasal route avoids injection; may have lower bioavailability
Intramuscular injection200–300 mcgOnce daily before bedtimeIM route used in some clinical research settings; slower absorption than SC

Medical disclaimer

Dosage information is provided for educational reference only. Always follow your prescriber's instructions and consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting any peptide protocol.

Side Effects

  • Morning grogginess if dose is too high or administered too latecommon
  • Vivid or unusually intense dreamscommon
  • Headacherare
  • Mild hypotension (low blood pressure) in some individualsrare
  • Very limited human safety data — long-term effects of chronic use not studiedserious

Frequently Asked Questions

How does DSIP compare to melatonin for sleep?
DSIP and melatonin work through entirely different mechanisms. Melatonin is a hormone that signals darkness to the brain, helping to set circadian timing — it tells your body when to sleep but does not directly promote deep sleep. DSIP specifically promotes delta (slow-wave) sleep, which is the deepest and most physically restorative sleep stage. DSIP modulates GABA and serotonin systems to enhance sleep architecture, while melatonin primarily influences the suprachiasmatic nucleus to regulate sleep-wake timing. Some people use both together, with melatonin for sleep onset and DSIP for sleep depth.
Can DSIP cure insomnia?
DSIP should not be considered a cure for insomnia. Insomnia is a complex condition with many potential causes including anxiety, poor sleep hygiene, medical conditions, and circadian rhythm disorders. DSIP may help improve sleep quality and depth for some individuals, but it does not address the underlying causes of chronic insomnia. It may be most useful for people whose primary issue is poor-quality sleep (lack of deep sleep) rather than difficulty falling asleep. Anyone with chronic insomnia should work with a sleep specialist to identify and treat root causes.
Is there a risk of dependence with DSIP?
There is no strong evidence of physical dependence or tolerance development with DSIP, which distinguishes it from benzodiazepines and other GABAergic sleep medications. However, the research base is limited, and long-term studies on dependence potential have not been conducted. Some users report diminishing effects after extended continuous use, suggesting possible tolerance, though this is anecdotal. Cycling DSIP (e.g., using for 2–4 weeks, then taking 2 weeks off) is a common practice to mitigate potential tolerance, though this approach is not validated by clinical studies.
Is intranasal or injectable DSIP more effective?
Both routes have been used in research and community settings. Subcutaneous injection provides more reliable and consistent bioavailability, as the peptide is delivered directly into the bloodstream. Intranasal delivery bypasses the blood-brain barrier to some extent and may deliver DSIP more directly to the CNS, but absorption can be variable depending on nasal mucosa condition, technique, and formulation. Most experienced users prefer subcutaneous injection for consistency, while intranasal is chosen by those who want to avoid injections. Head-to-head comparisons are lacking.
What effect does DSIP have on sleep architecture?
DSIP specifically promotes delta wave activity during sleep, which corresponds to Stage 3 NREM sleep (slow-wave sleep). This is the deepest sleep stage, associated with physical restoration, growth hormone release, immune system strengthening, and memory consolidation. Unlike sedative medications that may increase total sleep time but actually suppress deep sleep (as benzodiazepines do), DSIP appears to enhance the quality and depth of sleep without fundamentally altering normal sleep cycling. Users commonly report waking feeling more physically restored even if total sleep duration is unchanged.

References

  1. 1
    Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): a review of its chemistry, pharmacology, and clinical applications(1988)PubMed ↗
  2. 2
    Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): an update(1987)PubMed ↗
  3. 3
    DSIP — a sleep promoting peptide: effects on sleep and stress in rats and humans(1984)PubMed ↗
  4. 4
    Delta-sleep-inducing peptide analogs: structure-activity relationships and central nervous system effects(1989)PubMed ↗

Last updated: 2026-02-14